Humans are immediately engaged with and aware of the world through bodily perception. buildings with fanatical design and construction approaches are becoming targets for momentary visual deception, while losing their sense of presence, flexibility, and in fact, their real sense. In the meantime, Johanni Palasma, as a phenomenological architect, has been able to address this issue with his ideas and theories. The themes and criteria of Palasma's phenomenology in environmental perceptions in the form of a body are derived from the ideas of the phenomenological philosopher Merleau-Ponty. This research seeks to answer the question of how the phenomenological themes of Johannes Palasma are hidden in the architectural space of Vakil Bazaar in Shiraz? And also how can Johannes Palasma's phenomenological thoughts make the architectural space understandable and perceptible to the audience as a embodied process? To answer the question posed, the phenomenological research method based on Max van Menen's model with free, axial and selective coding was used. In the theoretical part, studies on phenomenology were conducted from the perspective of Johannes Palasma, and in the field part, a conversation was held with 30 participants using observation and semi-structured and open interviews. At this stage, the selected components from the interviews were compared with the phenomenological themes of Johannes Palasma in the context of Vakil Bazaar in Shiraz. In the end, it was concluded that there is a significant affinity between Johannes Palasma's phenomenological concepts and embodied perceptions in the architectural space of Vakil Bazaar in Shiraz.

Persuasion is one of the salient issues in the field of critical-forensic discourse analysis. The present study aims to investigate the biases of lawyers in applying persuasive approaches of judges based on Laclau and Mouffe's theory (1985, 2001, 2002). The methodology of this mixed research (qualitative & quantitative) is descriptive-analytic in which the data were collected via referring to courts and lawyers' offices, as well as studying hundreds of cases, and also observing dozens of interrogations during 1397 and 1398. Then, the authors analyzed 20 utterances of conversations of participants in discourse based on Laclau and Mouffe's theory. Moreover, it was found that the most persuasive approach of lawyers includes positive and negative biases comprising foregrounding and backgrounding respectively. These two notions appear in the field of discourse disputes in different ways. The results showed that backgrounding and foregrounding have their own strengths and weaknesses. Also, the findings indicated that the notions of foregrounding and backgrounding are ways of maintaining and sustaining the power and hegemony of a discourse.

By concluding a lawyer's contract, the lawyer and the client will have rights and obligations against each other, one of the duties and obligations of the lawyer against the client, the duty to take care of the property, information, and other rights of the client, and the use and application of his skill and knowledge in the relationship With the subject of the lawyer. Since a lawyer has an iadi, he must use all his efforts to protect his family and his other clients' rights, and, on the other hand, the lawyer accepting the lawyer should have the knowledge and experience necessary the other hand, due to the expansion and complexity of social relations as well as the specialization of affairs, professional occupations and the need for the owners of those professions to be filled with the necessary knowledge and knowledge, therefore the basic question here, the response to the conditions and how to take responsibility A lawyer is a skill in case of violation of duty. In Iran's law, the task of care is very little and there is no clear or implied clause in the law on the lawyer's skill. Unlike our rights, in the law of the United States, including the United States, a special chapter of the lawyer's obligations to the client The duty of the lawyer's care and skill has been paid, and the necessary and sufficient conditions for the fulfillment of these duties, the liability of the attorney and how to compensate are foreseen. However, in our law, although these tasks have not been addressed, they can be read in the circle and the scope of the duty of the lawyer, which means that the violation of these duties is in fact a violation of the lawyer's duty. It is precisely in the law of Kamen Leo that these duties of lawyer's care and attorneys are also an integral part of the duties of duty.

Background and Aim: The check is the most widely used commercial paper. For this reason, various amendments to the law on issuing checks have been adopted. One of the important issues in the field of check issuance is the power of attorney for issuing checks and the responsibility of the lawyer in the light of the code of issuing checks and its jurisprudential principles, which is the purpose of this study. Materials and Methods: This research is of theoretical type and the research method is descriptive-analytical and the method of data collection is library and has been done by referring to documents, books and articles. Ethical considerations: In order to organize this research, while observing the authenticity of the texts, honesty and fidelity have been observed. Results: The findings of the present study show that with Relying on jurisprudential principles, the nature of a check is not merely a means of payment, but a debt acknowledgment. This special nature of the check creates different and special effects for the check. Conclusion: In the code of issuing checks, the responsibility of the lawyer is a principle. If we consider the nature of the check as a debt acknowledgment, the lawyer must be aware of the subject of the confession in order for the client to make a confession. In the process of issuing a check, the subject of the confession is knowing the amount of the client's account funds. For this reason, if the check is not paid, the principle is that the lawyer has confessed without knowledge and information, in which case he has committed a Fault.

Competition law is a newcomer to the legal system recently. A sound understanding of competition policy can provide us with sufficient bases to apply a fundamental and normative view of the issues of competition law. The difference in supervision and regulation determines how the market functions and in order to understand this difference one must understand competition policy. Competition policy may be based on governmental support for national production and industry or on a non-interventional and regulatory posture. Moreover, supervision, based on the principle of non-intervention in the market mechanism, is rooted in liberal ideas; however, regulation, whether as a rule or an exception, is based on the assertion that the market has been ineffective in attaining its goals. Therefore, the government will resort to interventions to regulate inefficiencies.  This paper aims to analyze Supervisory Authority in Implementing Competitive Policy by employing the description method. In this article the author tries to first delineate competition policy, its related requirements and imposed deviations to the market. Then, by defining the supervisory entity and clarifying its distinction from the regulatory institutions, the author considers the characteristics of an appropriate supervisory entity conducting a comparative study of this issue in Iran and the U.S.A. This form of Competition policy because of its applicable experiences which have been well described by recent scholarship is considered suitable for the native system.

In the laws of Iran and France, the lawyer's obligations towards the client are either directly derived from the attorney's contract, which are known as "contractual obligations", or they are due to the requirements that are created for the person according to the law, which are referred to as "legal obligations". ; The findings of the research showed that French law shows the extent of the obligations and responsibilities of each lawyer and client in front of each other; Also, it is customary in Iranian law, like jurisprudence, to describe some of the obligations and responsibilities arising from the lawyer's surety in case of violation and neglect in front of the client. On the other hand, explaining the lawyer's duties and responsibilities towards the client and the civil liability due to the violation and non-fulfilment of obligations can be a reminder for some lawyers to know that the purpose of entering this profession is not only to earn profit, but also to realize the ideal of justice and Cancellation is void. Therefore, the purpose of compiling this research is to compare the conditions of civil liability of lawyers in Iranian and French laws. The research method in this article is descriptive-analytical and the method of collecting materials is library-documentary.

According to predictions in the literature, sock price of firms with greater product market power is less sensitive to order flows which results in greater stock liquidity. This prediction was examined in a sample of 75 listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange during 1388 to 1391 using three illiquidity measures (Amihud Ratio, Quoted Spread, Effective Spread) and two proxies for market power. The results of panel regressions showed that stock liquidity increases with market share (the first proxy of market power). Findings also showed the relationship between operational income ratio (second proxy of market power) and stock liquidity is not meaningful and consistent with theory. It seems that the reputation of firms in product market (respect to market share) results in higher stock market liquidity than their profitability. Other results confirmed that advertising in product market doesn’t influence stock market liquidity, directly.

Hedging is one of the most important topics in investment field, which could be noticed from different points of view. We evaluate the role of gold relative to different indices in Tehran Security Exchange (TSE) as a representative of Iran Capital Market. In this topic gold charecterristics of “ save haven” and “ hedge” versus TSE are studided. Daily Price Returns of 21 TSE stock indices and daily price returns of world gold (ons) are used as research data. Utilizing these data and GARCH model, two charecteristics of “ safe haven” and “ hedge” related to long position and short position of world gold for each stock indice is determined. This way it provide us with deciding on proper position in world gold, whether long or short position, to hedge downfall of a certain stock. In accordance with outcomes, we find long position in gold is not a strong hedge for non of the studied groups except for transportation indice. In addition, short position in gold is a weak hedge for two groups of non-metalic minerals and metals. Regarding safe haven, long position of gold played as a strong safe haven role for all groups in 10% quantile but not in non of 5% & 1% quantiles. Long position of gold is a safe haven for most of indices. However, there are little groups for which short position of gold is a safe haven.

Considering the importance of capital in firms, also due to the far-reaching implications of firms and enterprises in the economy of any country, and the broad role of the capital market in corporate financing, accurate understanding of corporate financing, its triple steps and the risks involved in that process is really essential. Triple and connected steps in corporate financing are investment decisions, financial policy decisions and dividend policy decisions which are connected to each other, and are connected with capital and product market strategy. Two significant instruments of corporate financing are debt and equity, and two main strategies in corporate financing are aggressive and supportive strategy. Considering the interaction between financial and legal decisions, and the importance of the lawyer's role at firms, the present study addresses the legal aspects of corporate financing, and seeks to answer this question: if we need special patterns for corporate financing? This research has been developed in two parts, in a library-analytical manner, which first deals with concepts and foundations, and the second part describes the strategies and steps in corporate financing with the legal view.